Lesson 281
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Lesson 281 - Mask Toggle

Emoji
Word Past Past Participle Third Person Singular Gerund Meaning Example Sentence Example Expression Example Expression Meaning Synonyms Antonyms Collocations
#8400
📏
••••••
stringency
/ˈstrɪndʒənsi/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
the quality of being strict, precise, or severe
••••••

The stringency of the new rules surprised everyone.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
strictness, rigidity, severity, harshness, rigor
••••••
leniency, flexibility, tolerance
••••••
stringency of rules, economic stringency, policy stringency
••••••
#8401
🌟
••••••
stupendous
/stjuːˈpɛndəs/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
extremely impressive; amazing in size, degree, or excellence
••••••

The magician’s performance was simply stupendous.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
amazing, astonishing, incredible, phenomenal, marvelous
••••••
ordinary, unimpressive, mediocre
••••••
stupendous achievement, stupendous effort, stupendous view, stupendous task
••••••
#8402
😲
••••••
stupefy
/ˈstjuːpɪˌfaɪ/
verb
••••••
stupefied
••••••
stupefied
••••••
stupefies
••••••
stupefying
••••••
to make someone unable to think clearly, usually because of surprise or shock
••••••

The magician's tricks stupefied the audience.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
astonish, daze, bewilder, dumbfound, shock
••••••
clarify, enlighten, inform
••••••
stupefied look, stupefying effect, stupefy with, stupefy completely
••••••
#8403
🤸
••••••
stunt
/stʌnt/
noun/verb
••••••
stunted
••••••
stunted
••••••
stunts
••••••
stunting
••••••
a daring or unusual action performed for entertainment or publicity; to hinder growth or development
••••••

The actor performed a dangerous stunt in the movie.

••••••

publicity stunt

••••••
an unusual or shocking action done to attract public attention
••••••
feat, trick, exploit, hinder, obstruct
••••••
growth, development, progress
••••••
stunt double, publicity stunt, stunt performance, growth stunt
••••••
#8404
••••••
stun
/stʌn/
verb
••••••
stunned
••••••
stunned
••••••
stuns
••••••
stunning
••••••
to shock or surprise someone greatly; to knock someone unconscious or dazed
••••••

The news of her sudden resignation stunned everyone.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
shock, amaze, astonish, daze, overwhelm
••••••
comfort, calm, assure
••••••
stun gun, stunned silence, absolutely stunned, stun effect
••••••
#8405
🌳
••••••
stump
/stʌmp/
noun/verb
••••••
stumped
••••••
stumped
••••••
stumps
••••••
stumping
••••••
the base of a tree left after the trunk is cut down; to puzzle or confuse
••••••

The question completely stumped the students.

••••••

on the stump

••••••
campaigning for political office
••••••
puzzle, confuse, baffle, perplex, bewilder
••••••
clarify, explain, enlighten
••••••
tree stump, stump speech, stump up, stump question
••••••
#8406
🤦
••••••
stumble
/ˈstʌmbəl/
verb
••••••
stumbled
••••••
stumbled
••••••
stumbles
••••••
stumbling
••••••
to trip or lose balance while walking or running; to make a mistake or falter
••••••

He stumbled on the uneven pavement.

••••••

stumble upon

••••••
to find something by chance
••••••
trip, falter, slip, blunder, hesitate
••••••
balance, steady, recover
••••••
stumble upon, stumble over, stumble badly, stumble into
••••••
#8407
😵
••••••
stultify
/ˈstʌltɪfaɪ/
verb
••••••
stultified
••••••
stultified
••••••
stultifies
••••••
stultifying
••••••
to make someone or something appear foolish, or to hinder effectiveness and enthusiasm
••••••

The repetitive tasks seemed to stultify the workers' creativity.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
hamper, hinder, suppress, weaken, frustrate
••••••
encourage, inspire, stimulate
••••••
stultify efforts, stultify creativity, stultify growth, stultify development
••••••
#8408
📖
••••••
studious
/ˈstjuːdiəs/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
spending a lot of time studying or reading; very dedicated to learning
••••••

She is a studious girl who spends hours in the library.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
diligent, scholarly, academic, bookish, intellectual
••••••
lazy, careless, indifferent
••••••
studious student, studious nature, studious look, studious habits
••••••
#8409
🎙️
••••••
studio
/ˈstjuːdiəʊ/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a room where an artist, photographer, musician, or broadcaster works
••••••

The singer recorded her new song in the studio.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
workroom, atelier, workspace, workshop
••••••
outdoors, open space
••••••
recording studio, art studio, design studio, dance studio
••••••
#8410
📚
••••••
studied
/ˈstʌdid/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
carefully considered, deliberate, or planned
••••••

Her response was calm and studied, not impulsive.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
deliberate, calculated, intentional, premeditated
••••••
spontaneous, impulsive
••••••
studied manner, studied response, studied approach, studied elegance
••••••
#8411
🚶‍♂️
••••••
strut
/strʌt/
verb
••••••
strutted
••••••
strutted
••••••
struts
••••••
strutting
••••••
to walk with a stiff, proud, and confident gait, often to show off
••••••

He strutted across the stage after winning the award.

••••••

strut one's stuff

••••••
to show one's abilities, skills, or confidence proudly
••••••
swagger, parade, flaunt, prance, show off
••••••
shuffle, slouch
••••••
strut around, strut proudly, strut confidently, strut across
••••••
#8412
🧑‍🦱
••••••
stripling
/ˈstrɪplɪŋ/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a young man who is not yet fully grown
••••••

The stripling dreamed of becoming a brave knight.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
youth, lad, adolescent, youngster, boy
••••••
adult, man
••••••
young stripling, foolish stripling, mere stripling
••••••
#8413
🪚
••••••
strip
/strɪp/
verb
••••••
stripped
••••••
stripped
••••••
strips
••••••
stripping
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to remove coverings or layers from something; to undress
••••••

He had to strip the old paint from the wall.

••••••

strip away

••••••
to gradually remove something
••••••
remove, peel, undress, bare, dismantle
••••••
cover, dress, clothe
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strip off, strip down, strip away, strip bare
••••••
#8414
🚫
••••••
stringent
/ˈstrɪndʒənt/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
strict, precise, and exacting
••••••

The government imposed stringent measures during the crisis.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
strict, rigorous, tough, harsh, demanding
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lenient, flexible, easygoing
••••••
stringent rules, stringent measures, stringent regulations
••••••
#8415
🎯
••••••
stratagem
/ˈstrætədʒəm/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a plan or scheme designed to achieve a particular goal, often by trickery
••••••

The general devised a clever stratagem to outwit the enemy.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
plan, scheme, tactic, ploy, trick
••••••
honesty, frankness, openness
••••••
military stratagem, clever stratagem, political stratagem
••••••
#8416
••••••
strike
/straɪk/
verb
••••••
struck
••••••
struck
••••••
strikes
••••••
striking
••••••
to hit forcibly or attack; also to stop work as a form of protest
••••••

The workers decided to strike for better wages.

••••••

strike a chord

••••••
to create a strong emotional response
••••••
hit, attack, punch, protest, clash
••••••
miss, praise, peace
••••••
strike a deal, strike a balance, strike back, strike down
••••••
#8417
⚔️
••••••
strife
/straɪf/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
angry or violent conflict; struggle or discord
••••••

The region has been torn apart by political strife.

••••••

internal strife

••••••
conflict or discord within a group or organization
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conflict, discord, dispute, clash, struggle
••••••
peace, harmony, agreement
••••••
political strife, civil strife, family strife, internal strife
••••••
#8418
📢
••••••
strident
/ˈstraɪ.dənt/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
loud and harsh; presenting a point of view in a forceful way
••••••

His strident voice made the debate uncomfortable.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
harsh, loud, grating, shrill, forceful
••••••
soft, gentle, mild
••••••
strident voice, strident tone, strident criticism, strident demands
••••••
#8419
🚶‍♂️
••••••
stride
/straɪd/
verb
••••••
strode
••••••
stridden
••••••
strides
••••••
striding
••••••
to walk with long, decisive steps; to make progress
••••••

She strode confidently across the stage.

••••••

make strides

••••••
to make significant progress
••••••
march, pace, progress, advance, step
••••••
halt, stop, stumble
••••••
long stride, confident stride, make strides, stride forward
••••••
#8420
🚫
••••••
stricture
/ˈstrɪk.tʃər/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a restriction or limitation; a critical remark
••••••

The new law placed a severe stricture on free speech.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
restriction, limitation, constraint, criticism, rebuke
••••••
freedom, praise
••••••
legal stricture, moral stricture, severe stricture, social stricture
••••••
#8421
📏
••••••
striated
/ˈstraɪ.eɪ.tɪd/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
marked with thin lines, grooves, or stripes
••••••

The muscle fibers appeared striated under the microscope.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
striped, lined, grooved, banded
••••••
plain, smooth
••••••
striated muscle, striated rock, striated surface, striated pattern
••••••
#8422
📏
••••••
striate
/ˈstraɪeɪt/
verb, adjective
••••••
striated
••••••
striated
••••••
striates
••••••
striating
••••••
to mark with stripes or grooves; striped or streaked in appearance
••••••

The rock surface was striated by glacial movement.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
groove, stripe, streak, band, line
••••••
smooth, plain
••••••
striated rock, striated muscle, striated surface, striate pattern
••••••
#8423
🌸
••••••
strew
/struː/
verb
••••••
strewed
••••••
strewn
••••••
strews
••••••
strewing
••••••
to scatter or spread things untidily over a surface or area
••••••

Clothes were strewn across the floor.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
scatter, spread, sprinkle, disperse, litter
••••••
gather, collect, assemble
••••••
strew flowers, strew clothes, strew papers, strew across
••••••
#8424
💪
••••••
strength
/strɛŋkθ/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
the quality or state of being physically strong; the capacity to withstand force or pressure
••••••

Her strength helped her overcome the difficulties.

••••••

in strength

••••••
in large numbers; collectively powerful
••••••
power, might, force, resilience, endurance
••••••
weakness, fragility
••••••
inner strength, physical strength, strength of character, show strength, gain strength
••••••
#8425
💧
••••••
streamlet
/ˈstriːmlɪt/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a small stream; a tiny brook or rivulet
••••••

A streamlet flowed through the meadow.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
brook, rivulet, creek, runnel
••••••
river, ocean
••••••
tiny streamlet, forest streamlet, mountain streamlet, flowing streamlet
••••••
#8426
🐕
••••••
stray
/streɪ/
verb, noun, adjective
••••••
strayed
••••••
strayed
••••••
strays
••••••
straying
••••••
to move away from the correct path or go off course; a person or animal that has wandered off; something that is not where it belongs
••••••

The dog strayed from the yard and got lost.

••••••

stray bullet

••••••
an accidental bullet that hits unintended targets
••••••
wander, drift, roam, deviate, err
••••••
stay, remain, focus
••••••
stray dog, stray cat, stray bullet, stray thought, stray sheep
••••••
#8427
🏛️
••••••
stratum
/ˈstrɑːtəm/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a layer or level of material, or a social class in society
••••••

The upper stratum of society enjoyed privileges not available to others.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
layer, level, tier, class
••••••
base, bottom
••••••
social stratum, upper stratum, geological stratum
••••••
#8428
🗂️
••••••
stratify
/ˈstrætɪfaɪ/
verb
••••••
stratified
••••••
stratified
••••••
stratifies
••••••
stratifying
••••••
to arrange or divide into layers, classes, or categories
••••••

The researchers plan to stratify the data based on age groups.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
classify, categorize, arrange, layer, order
••••••
mix, merge
••••••
stratify society, stratify data, stratify population
••••••
#8429
📚
••••••
stratified
/ˈstrætɪfaɪd/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
arranged or classified in layers or strata
••••••

Society in the past was highly stratified based on class and wealth.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
layered, tiered, hierarchical, arranged
••••••
unstructured, mixed
••••••
stratified society, stratified system, stratified layers
••••••