Lesson 46
/
/

Lesson 46 - Mask Toggle

Emoji
Word Past Past Participle Third Person Singular Gerund Meaning Example Sentence Example Expression Example Expression Meaning Synonyms Antonyms Collocations
#1351
🌾
••••••
chaff
/tʃæf/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
The husks of corn or other seed separated by winnowing or threshing; worthless or trivial matter.
••••••

The farmer separated the wheat from the chaff.

••••••

separate the wheat from the chaff

••••••
To distinguish what is valuable or useful from what is worthless.
••••••
husks, debris, waste, refuse, trash
••••••
grain, essence, substance
••••••
wheat and chaff, chaff cutter, separate chaff, blow away chaff
••••••
#1352
😵‍💫
••••••
chaotic
/keɪˈɒtɪk/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Completely disordered or confusing.
••••••

The classroom became chaotic when the teacher left.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
disordered, confused, messy, turbulent, unruly
••••••
organized, orderly, structured
••••••
chaotic situation, chaotic environment, chaotic scene, chaotic period
••••••
#1353
🌪️
••••••
chaos
/ˈkeɪɒs/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A state of complete disorder and confusion.
••••••

The sudden storm caused chaos in the city.

••••••

utter chaos

••••••
a situation of complete and total disorder
••••••
disorder, confusion, turmoil, mayhem, pandemonium
••••••
order, harmony, calm
••••••
create chaos, chaos theory, complete chaos, chaos in
••••••
#1354
🗣️
••••••
chant
/tʃænt/
verb
••••••
chanted
••••••
chanted
••••••
chants
••••••
chanting
••••••
To say or sing something repeatedly in a rhythmic way.
••••••

The crowd began to chant the team's name during the match.

••••••

chant down

••••••
to suppress or criticize through repeated chants
••••••
sing, intone, recite, repeat, carol
••••••
silence, quiet
••••••
chant loudly, chant together, chant mantra, religious chant
••••••
#1355
⚖️
••••••
chancery
/ˈtʃænsəri/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A court of equity or the office of a chancellor.
••••••

The case was taken to the chancery court for resolution.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
equity court, tribunal, office, department
••••••
criminal court, informal body
••••••
chancery court, court of chancery, chancery records, chancery office
••••••
#1356
🎓
••••••
chancellor
/ˈtʃænsələr/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A senior state or legal official, or the head of a university.
••••••

The chancellor delivered an inspiring speech at the graduation ceremony.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
rector, president, provost, official, leader
••••••
student, subordinate
••••••
university chancellor, chancellor of the exchequer, vice chancellor, office of the chancellor
••••••
#1357
🏆
••••••
championship
/ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a competition to decide who is the best in a particular sport or activity.
••••••

The championship will be held next month.

••••••

win the championship

••••••
to become the victor of a major competition
••••••
tournament, contest, league, competition, cup
••••••
friendly match, practice
••••••
world championship, national championship, championship game, win championship
••••••
#1358
🥇
••••••
champion
/ˈtʃæmpiən/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a person who has defeated all rivals in a competition or fight.
••••••

She became the champion after winning the final match.

••••••

defend the champion

••••••
to maintain one’s title against challengers
••••••
winner, victor, titleholder, hero, defender
••••••
loser, underdog
••••••
world champion, boxing champion, chess champion, defend champion
••••••
#1359
🏆
••••••
champ
/tʃæmp/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
an informal word for champion or winner.
••••••

He is the new champ of the boxing tournament.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
winner, victor, champion, conqueror
••••••
loser, defeated
••••••
boxing champ, wrestling champ, national champ
••••••
#1360
🦎
••••••
chameleon
/kəˈmiːliən/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a lizard known for its ability to change color to blend with its surroundings.
••••••

The chameleon changed its color to hide from predators.

••••••

political chameleon

••••••
a person who changes their opinions or behavior to suit the situation
••••••
reptile, lizard, color-changer, shapeshifter
••••••
constant, unchanging
••••••
chameleon skin, political chameleon, chameleon effect
••••••
#1361
🏛️
••••••
chamber
/ˈtʃeɪmbər/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a large room used for formal or public events, or a private room.
••••••

The king held meetings in his private chamber.

••••••

upper chamber

••••••
the higher legislative house in a bicameral parliament
••••••
room, hall, compartment, chamber, council
••••••
open space, outdoors
••••••
chamber of commerce, upper chamber, private chamber, gas chamber
••••••
#1362
🍷
••••••
chalice
/ˈtʃælɪs/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A large cup or goblet, typically used for drinking wine in religious ceremonies.
••••••

The priest lifted the golden chalice during the ceremony.

••••••

poisoned chalice

••••••
Something that appears valuable but is actually harmful.
••••••
goblet, cup, vessel, beaker, mug
••••••
plate, dish
••••••
golden chalice, silver chalice, holy chalice
••••••
#1363
😞
••••••
chagrin
/ʃəˈɡrɪn/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Distress or embarrassment at having failed or been humiliated.
••••••

She left the room in chagrin after forgetting her lines.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
embarrassment, humiliation, mortification, shame, annoyance
••••••
delight, satisfaction
••••••
much to his chagrin, hide chagrin, with chagrin
••••••
#1364
🥵
••••••
chafing
/ˈtʃeɪfɪŋ/
verb
••••••
chafed
••••••
chafed
••••••
chafes
••••••
chafing
••••••
To make sore by rubbing; to become irritated.
••••••

The rough shoes were chafing his heels.

••••••

chafing at the bit

••••••
To be impatient or restless for something to happen.
••••••
irritating, rubbing, abrading, fretting, wearing
••••••
soothing, comforting
••••••
chafing dish, chafing belt, chafing cream
••••••
#1365
😄
••••••
chaffing
/ˈtʃæfɪŋ/
verb
••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
chaffs
••••••
chaffing
••••••
Teasing or joking in a lighthearted way.
••••••

They were chaffing each other during lunch.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
teasing, joking, bantering, kidding, mocking
••••••
seriousness, sincerity
••••••
light chaffing, friendly chaffing, constant chaffing
••••••
#1366
📏
••••••
centimeter
/ˈsɛntɪˌmiːtər/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A metric unit of length equal to one hundredth of a meter.
••••••

The table is 120 centimeters long.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
cm, measure, unit, metric, length
••••••
inch, foot
••••••
centimeter ruler, centimeter scale, centimeter wide, centimeter long
••••••
#1367
😣
••••••
chafe
/ʧeɪf/
verb
••••••
chafed
••••••
chafed
••••••
chafes
••••••
chafing
••••••
To make or become sore by rubbing; to feel irritation or impatience.
••••••

The tight shoes began to chafe his heels.

••••••

chafe at the bit

••••••
To be impatient or restless to do something.
••••••
irritate, rub, scrape, abrade, annoy
••••••
soothe, comfort
••••••
chafe against, chafe at, chafe under, chafe skin
••••••
#1368
••••••
cetera
/ˈsɛtərə/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Latin for 'the rest' or 'others'; commonly used in the phrase 'et cetera' meaning 'and so on'.
••••••

We need to buy pens, paper, notebooks, et cetera.

••••••

et cetera

••••••
And so on; continuing in the same manner.
••••••
and so on, and the rest, and others
••••••
none, specific items
••••••
et cetera, etcetera list, etcetera items
••••••
#1369
📜
••••••
cession
/ˈsɛʃən/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
The formal giving up of rights, property, or territory, especially by a state.
••••••

The treaty resulted in the cession of land to the neighboring country.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
surrender, relinquishment, transfer, concession
••••••
retention, possession
••••••
cession of territory, cession of rights, treaty of cession
••••••
#1370
🛑
••••••
cessation
/sɛˈseɪʃən/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
The fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.
••••••

There was a temporary cessation of hostilities.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
end, halt, termination, stoppage, pause
••••••
continuation, persistence
••••••
cessation of hostilities, temporary cessation, complete cessation
••••••
#1371
••••••
certitude
/ˈsɜːrtɪˌtjuːd/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Absolute certainty or conviction about something.
••••••

She spoke with certitude about the outcome of the case.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
certainty, confidence, conviction, assurance, sureness
••••••
doubt, uncertainty, skepticism
••••••
with certitude, moral certitude, express certitude
••••••
#1372
🤵
••••••
ceremonious
/ˌser.ɪˈməʊ.ni.əs/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
marked by formality, politeness, or strict observance of customs
••••••

He gave her a ceremonious bow before entering the hall.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
formal, stately, ritualistic, courtly, polite
••••••
casual, informal, rude
••••••
ceremonious bow, ceremonious greeting, ceremonious tone
••••••
#1373
🎖️
••••••
ceremonial
/ˌser.ɪˈməʊ.ni.əl/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
relating to or used in a ceremony or formal occasion
••••••

The president wore a ceremonial robe during the inauguration.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
ritual, formal, traditional, ceremonialistic
••••••
casual, informal
••••••
ceremonial dress, ceremonial duty, ceremonial function, ceremonial robe
••••••
#1374
🤔
••••••
cerebration
/ˌser.əˈbreɪ.ʃən/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
the process of thinking or using the brain actively
••••••

The lecture sparked intense cerebration among the students.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
thinking, reasoning, reflection, contemplation, pondering
••••••
ignorance, thoughtlessness
••••••
active cerebration, deep cerebration, mental cerebration
••••••
#1375
🧠
••••••
cerebral
/səˈriː.brəl/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
relating to the brain or intellect; intellectual rather than emotional
••••••

He is known for his cerebral approach to problem-solving.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
intellectual, rational, brainy, logical, thoughtful
••••••
emotional, instinctive
••••••
cerebral activity, cerebral cortex, cerebral approach, cerebral palsy
••••••
#1376
🥣
••••••
cereal
/ˈsɪə.ri.əl/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a common breakfast food made from processed grains such as wheat, oats, or corn
••••••

She eats a bowl of cereal every morning before work.

••••••

cereal box politics

••••••
a term describing superficial or shallow political discussion, like slogans on a cereal box
••••••
grain, breakfast food, porridge, oats, cornflakes
••••••
meat, protein
••••••
breakfast cereal, bowl of cereal, cereal brand, cereal box
••••••
#1377
⚔️
••••••
centurion
/sɛnˈtjʊəriən/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A commander of a unit of one hundred soldiers in the ancient Roman army.
••••••

The centurion led his men into battle with courage.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
commander, officer, captain, leader
••••••
soldier, follower
••••••
Roman centurion, centurion guard, centurion leader
••••••
#1378
🌌
••••••
centripetal
/sɛnˈtrɪpɪtəl/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Moving or directed toward a center.
••••••

Centripetal force keeps the planets in orbit around the sun.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
inward, converging, focusing, central
••••••
centrifugal, outward
••••••
centripetal force, centripetal motion, centripetal acceleration
••••••
#1379
⚙️
••••••
centrifuge
/ˈsɛntrɪˌfjuːdʒ/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A machine that spins substances at high speed to separate different components.
••••••

The lab technician used a centrifuge to separate the blood cells from the plasma.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
separator, spinner, extractor, rotor
••••••
mixer, blender
••••••
centrifuge machine, centrifuge tube, blood centrifuge, centrifuge process
••••••
#1380
🌀
••••••
centrifugal
/sɛnˈtrɪfjʊɡəl/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Moving or tending to move away from a center.
••••••

The centrifugal force pushes the clothes to the sides of the washing machine.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
outward, diverging, radiating, spreading
••••••
centripetal, inward
••••••
centrifugal force, centrifugal machine, centrifugal pump, centrifugal action
••••••