Lesson 61
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Lesson 61 - Mask Toggle

Emoji
Word Past Past Participle Third Person Singular Gerund Meaning Example Sentence Example Expression Example Expression Meaning Synonyms Antonyms Collocations
#1801
••••••
consumption
/kənˈsʌmpʃən/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
The act of using up resources, goods, or energy; also refers to the eating or drinking of something.
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The consumption of electricity increases during the summer.

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consumption tax

••••••
A tax placed on goods and services purchased by consumers.
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use, utilization, expenditure, intake, absorption
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production, creation, conservation
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energy consumption, food consumption, mass consumption, over consumption
••••••
#1802
😊
••••••
content
/ˈkɒntɛnt/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
in a state of satisfaction; pleased
••••••

He felt content after finishing his work.

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- •••••• - ••••••
satisfied, pleased, happy, fulfilled
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discontent, unhappy, dissatisfied
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content with, feel content, perfectly content, content smile
••••••
#1803
🥇
••••••
contender
/kənˈtɛndər/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a person or team competing for a title or prize
••••••

She is a strong contender for the mayoral position.

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- •••••• - ••••••
challenger, competitor, aspirant, nominee
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non-contender, bystander
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strong contender, main contender, serious contender, leading contender
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#1804
🏆
••••••
contend
/kənˈtɛnd/
verb
••••••
contended
••••••
contended
••••••
contends
••••••
contending
••••••
to strive or compete for something; to assert earnestly
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Athletes from around the world contend for the championship.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
compete, vie, struggle, assert
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yield, surrender, concede
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contend for, contend with, contend against, contend successfully
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#1805
😤
••••••
contemptuous
/kənˈtɛmptʃuəs/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
showing or expressing contempt; scornful
••••••

She gave him a contemptuous glance.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
scornful, disdainful, derisive, sneering
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respectful, admiring, humble
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contemptuous look, contemptuous tone, contemptuous remark
••••••
#1806
😒
••••••
contemptible
/kənˈtɛmptəbl/
adjective
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
deserving of contempt; despicable
••••••

His deceitful actions were truly contemptible.

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- •••••• - ••••••
despicable, vile, abhorrent, shameful
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admirable, honorable, respectable
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contemptible behavior, contemptible act, contemptible lie
••••••
#1807
😤
••••••
contempt
/kənˈtɛmpt/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a strong feeling of dislike and lack of respect towards someone or something
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He spoke with contempt about the corrupt officials.

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hold in contempt

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to consider someone or something unworthy of respect
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disdain, scorn, disrespect, derision
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respect, admiration, honor
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deep contempt, open contempt, show contempt, treat with contempt
••••••
#1808
🎨
••••••
contemporary
/kənˈtɛmpərɛri/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
belonging to the same time period; modern
••••••

She enjoys contemporary art exhibitions.

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contemporary issues

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current problems or topics relevant to the present time
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modern, current, present-day, up-to-date
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old-fashioned, outdated, ancient
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contemporary art, contemporary culture, contemporary society, contemporary issues
••••••
#1809
🕰️
••••••
contemporaneous
/kənˌtɛmpəˈreɪniəs/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
existing, happening, or occurring at the same time
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The two artists were contemporaneous and often influenced each other.

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- •••••• - ••••••
simultaneous, coexistent, concurrent, synchronous
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separate, different, asynchronous
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contemporaneous events, contemporaneous writings, contemporaneous accounts
••••••
#1810
🤔
••••••
contemplate
/ˈkɒntəmpleɪt/
verb
••••••
contemplated
••••••
contemplated
••••••
contemplates
••••••
contemplating
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to think deeply and carefully about something; to consider thoughtfully
••••••

She sat quietly to contemplate her future plans.

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contemplate the meaning of life

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to think deeply about the purpose or nature of life
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consider, ponder, meditate, reflect, deliberate
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ignore, dismiss, neglect
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contemplate the future, contemplate change, deeply contemplate, seriously contemplate
••••••
#1811
😒
••••••
contemn
/kənˈtɛm/
verb
••••••
contemned
••••••
contemned
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contemns
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contemning
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to treat or regard with disdain, scorn, or contempt
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He would never contemn honest work, no matter how humble.

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- •••••• - ••••••
despise, scorn, disdain, deride, spurn
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respect, honor, admire
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contemn authority, contemn tradition, openly contemn, silently contemn
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#1812
☣️
••••••
contaminate
/kənˈtæmɪneɪt/
verb
••••••
contaminated
••••••
contaminated
••••••
contaminates
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contaminating
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To make something impure, dirty, or harmful by contact with a poisonous or polluting substance.
••••••

The river was contaminated by industrial waste.

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contaminate the mind

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To corrupt someone's thoughts or beliefs.
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pollute, defile, taint, spoil, infect
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purify, cleanse, sanitize
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contaminate water, contaminate food, contaminate soil, contaminate environment
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#1813
😂
••••••
contagious
/kənˈteɪdʒəs/
adjective
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Able to be transmitted from one person to another, typically by direct contact; also used for emotions or attitudes that spread quickly.
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Her laughter was so contagious that everyone started laughing.

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contagious enthusiasm

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An excitement or energy that spreads quickly to others.
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infectious, communicable, transmittable, spreading
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noninfectious, immune
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contagious disease, contagious smile, contagious laughter, highly contagious
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#1814
🦠
••••••
contagion
/kənˈteɪdʒən/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
The communication of disease from one person to another by close contact; also the spread of harmful ideas or behaviors.
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Fear spread like a contagion through the crowd.

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infection, transmission, spread, epidemic, influence
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immunity, prevention
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viral contagion, financial contagion, contagion risk, contagion effect
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#1815
😷
••••••
consumptive
/kənˈsʌmptɪv/
adjective
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Relating to or characterized by consumption; historically used to describe someone suffering from tuberculosis.
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The doctor advised against consumptive habits.

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- •••••• - ••••••
wasteful, extravagant, draining, debilitating
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productive, conserving, preserving
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consumptive habits, consumptive lifestyle, consumptive disease
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#1816
😨
••••••
consternation
/ˌkɒnstəˈneɪʃən/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A feeling of anxiety, dismay, or confusion, often caused by something unexpected.
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The sudden announcement caused widespread consternation among the employees.

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dismay, alarm, fear, shock, anxiety
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calm, composure, confidence
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cause consternation, in consternation, widespread consternation, with consternation
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#1817
🏅
••••••
consummate
/ˈkɒnsəmət/ (adj), /ˈkɒnsəmeɪt/ (verb)
adjective, verb
••••••
consummated
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consummated
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consummates
••••••
consummating
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to complete or perfect something; showing great skill or excellence
••••••

She is a consummate professional in her field.

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consummate skill

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a high level of expertise or mastery
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perfect, accomplished, skilled, expert, complete
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imperfect, unskilled, amateur
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consummate professional, consummate artist, consummate skill, consummate liar
••••••
#1818
🏢
••••••
consulate
/ˈkɒnsjʊlət/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
the building or office where a consul works
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He went to the consulate to renew his visa.

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- •••••• - ••••••
embassy, mission, office, legation
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domestic office, home office
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visit consulate, consulate building, American consulate, consulate staff
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#1819
🎖️
••••••
consul
/ˈkɒnsəl/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
an official appointed by a government to live in a foreign city and protect its citizens and interests there
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The consul assisted travelers who lost their passports.

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- •••••• - ••••••
diplomat, envoy, representative, official
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citizen, civilian
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consul general, vice consul, appoint a consul, foreign consul
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#1820
🧐
••••••
construe
/kənˈstruː/
verb
••••••
construed
••••••
construed
••••••
construes
••••••
construing
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to interpret or understand the meaning of something in a particular way
••••••

His words could be construed as a threat.

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construe something as

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to interpret or take something in a particular sense
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interpret, understand, explain, translate
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misinterpret, misunderstand
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construe as, wrongly construed, correctly construed, legally construed
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#1821
🏗️
••••••
construct
/kənˈstrʌkt/
verb
••••••
constructed
••••••
constructed
••••••
constructs
••••••
constructing
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to build or form something by putting parts together
••••••

They plan to construct a new bridge over the river.

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construct an argument

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to build or develop a logical case or reasoning
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build, erect, assemble, create, establish
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demolish, destroy, dismantle
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construct a building, construct a theory, construct a bridge, construct meaning
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#1822
🩹
••••••
constringe
/kənˈstrɪndʒ/
verb
••••••
constringed
••••••
constringed
••••••
constringes
••••••
constringing
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to cause to shrink or contract; to constrict
••••••

The medicine helped constringe the swollen tissues.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
constrict, contract, tighten, compress
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expand, loosen
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constringe tissue, constringe skin, constringe muscles
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#1823
🐍
••••••
constrict
/kənˈstrɪkt/
verb
••••••
constricted
••••••
constricted
••••••
constricts
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constricting
••••••
to make narrower or tighter; to shrink or compress
••••••

The snake constricted its prey before swallowing.

••••••

constrict the flow

••••••
to reduce or limit movement or passage
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tighten, squeeze, compress, narrow
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expand, loosen, widen
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constrict blood vessels, constrict movement, constrict airway
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#1824
📉
••••••
constraint
/kənˈstreɪnt/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a limitation or restriction
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Time is the biggest constraint in completing the project.

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budget constraint

••••••
a financial limitation on spending
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restriction, limitation, curb, control, restraint
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freedom, liberty, allowance
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budget constraint, legal constraint, time constraint, resource constraint
••••••
#1825
😬
••••••
constrained
/kənˈstreɪnd/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
appearing forced, unnatural, or restricted
••••••

He gave a constrained smile during the awkward meeting.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
restricted, forced, unnatural, limited
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free, natural, unrestricted
••••••
constrained smile, constrained behavior, constrained environment
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#1826
⛓️
••••••
constrain
/kənˈstreɪn/
verb
••••••
constrained
••••••
constrained
••••••
constrains
••••••
constraining
••••••
to limit or restrict someone or something; to force or compel
••••••

The new regulations constrain businesses from polluting the environment.

••••••

constrain by circumstances

••••••
to be forced or limited by external conditions
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limit, restrict, curb, compel, restrain
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free, release, allow
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constrain behavior, constrain growth, legally constrain, tightly constrain
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#1827
📜
••••••
constitution
/ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
The system of fundamental principles according to which a nation or organization is governed.
••••••

The constitution guarantees freedom of speech.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
charter, law, code, framework, fundamental law
••••••
anarchy, lawlessness, disorder
••••••
written constitution, draft constitution, amend the constitution, constitution of a country
••••••
#1828
⚖️
••••••
constitute
/ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/
verb
••••••
constituted
••••••
constituted
••••••
constitutes
••••••
constituting
••••••
To make up, form, or establish something.
••••••

These documents constitute the legal agreement between the two parties.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
comprise, form, make up, establish, create
••••••
exclude, destroy, abolish
••••••
constitute a crime, constitute an offense, constitute a majority, constitute evidence
••••••
#1829
👥
••••••
constituent
/kənˈstɪtʃuənt/
noun/adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Noun: A member of a constituency or an essential part of something. Adjective: Being a necessary part of a whole.
••••••

The senator met with his constituents to discuss local issues.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
component, element, member, voter
••••••
whole, outsider, nonmember
••••••
constituent parts, constituent elements, constituents of society
••••••
#1830
🗳️
••••••
constituency
/kənˈstɪtʃuənsi/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A geographical area whose residents elect a representative to a legislative body.
••••••

She campaigned tirelessly across her constituency.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
district, electorate, ward, division
••••••
nonelectoral area, nonvoting zone
••••••
electoral constituency, parliamentary constituency, within the constituency
••••••