Lesson 13
/
/

Lesson 13 - Mask Toggle

Emoji
Word Past Past Participle Third Person Singular Gerund Meaning Example Sentence Example Expression Example Expression Meaning Synonyms Antonyms Collocations
••••••
stint
/stɪnt/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a period of time spent doing a particular job or activity
••••••

She did a short stint as a teacher before moving abroad.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
term, spell, period, stretch, service
••••••
permanence, continuity
••••••
short stint, work stint, stint abroad, stint in service
••••••
📜
••••••
stipulate
/ˈstɪp.jʊ.leɪt/
verb
••••••
stipulated
••••••
stipulated
••••••
stipulates
••••••
stipulating
••••••
to demand or specify a condition in an agreement or contract
••••••

The contract stipulates that payment must be made within 30 days.

••••••

stipulate terms

••••••
to formally specify conditions in an agreement
••••••
specify, demand, require, prescribe, condition
••••••
ignore, waive, overlook
••••••
stipulate conditions, stipulate terms, stipulate payment, stipulate requirement
••••••
🪵
••••••
stolid
/ˈstɒlɪd/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Calm, dependable, and showing little emotion or animation.
••••••

Despite the chaos around him, he remained stolid and composed.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
impassive, unemotional, phlegmatic, placid, steady
••••••
emotional, excitable, expressive
••••••
stolid character, stolid face, stolid manner, stolid calm
••••••
📏
••••••
striated
/ˈstraɪ.eɪ.tɪd/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
marked with thin lines, grooves, or stripes
••••••

The muscle fibers appeared striated under the microscope.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
striped, lined, grooved, banded
••••••
plain, smooth
••••••
striated muscle, striated rock, striated surface, striated pattern
••••••
🚶‍♂️
••••••
strut
/strʌt/
verb
••••••
strutted
••••••
strutted
••••••
struts
••••••
strutting
••••••
to walk with a stiff, proud, and confident gait, often to show off
••••••

He strutted across the stage after winning the award.

••••••

strut one's stuff

••••••
to show one's abilities, skills, or confidence proudly
••••••
swagger, parade, flaunt, prance, show off
••••••
shuffle, slouch
••••••
strut around, strut proudly, strut confidently, strut across
••••••
📜
••••••
subpoena
/səˈpiːnə/
noun, verb
••••••
subpoenaed
••••••
subpoenaed
••••••
subpoenas
••••••
subpoenaing
••••••
a legal document ordering someone to attend court; to summon someone with such a document
••••••

The witness received a subpoena to appear in court next week.

••••••

issue a subpoena

••••••
to formally send a legal order for someone to appear in court
••••••
summons, writ, court order, mandate
••••••
dismissal, release
••••••
issue subpoena, receive subpoena, subpoena witness, subpoena records
••••••
🌊
••••••
subside
/səbˈsaɪd/
verb
••••••
subsided
••••••
subsided
••••••
subsides
••••••
subsiding
••••••
to become less intense, violent, or severe; to sink or fall to a lower level
••••••

After the storm, the floodwaters began to subside.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
diminish, decrease, abate, recede, lessen
••••••
rise, intensify, increase
••••••
subside gradually, pain subsides, waters subside, anger subsides
••••••
⚖️
••••••
substantiate
/səbˈstænʃieɪt/
verb
••••••
substantiated
••••••
substantiated
••••••
substantiates
••••••
substantiating
••••••
To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something.
••••••

The lawyer worked to substantiate the claims with solid evidence.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
prove, validate, confirm, support, demonstrate
••••••
disprove, refute, contradict
••••••
substantiate claims, substantiate evidence, substantiate allegations, substantiate argument
••••••
🔄
••••••
supersede
/ˌsuːpərˈsiːd/
verb
••••••
superseded
••••••
superseded
••••••
supersedes
••••••
superseding
••••••
To replace or take the place of something because it is more modern or effective.
••••••

This new law will supersede the old regulations.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
replace, override, overrule, succeed, displace
••••••
retain, continue, maintain
••••••
supersede the law, supersede regulations, supersede authority, supersede role
••••••
🤔
••••••
supposition
/ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃən/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
An assumption or belief that something is true without certain proof.
••••••

His plan was based on the supposition that the market would recover quickly.

••••••

on the supposition that

••••••
Based on the assumption that something is true
••••••
assumption, presumption, hypothesis, belief, conjecture
••••••
fact, certainty, truth
••••••
false supposition, mere supposition, on the supposition, mistaken supposition
••••••
🤫
••••••
tacit
/ˈtæsɪt/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
understood or implied without being stated
••••••

There was a tacit agreement to avoid the subject.

••••••

tacit agreement

••••••
an unspoken understanding between people
••••••
implicit, unspoken, understood, silent
••••••
explicit, stated, expressed
••••••
tacit consent, tacit approval, tacit understanding
••••••
↔️
••••••
tangential
/tænˈdʒɛnʃəl/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
relating to or along a tangent; slightly or indirectly related to something
••••••

His remarks were tangential to the main topic of discussion.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
indirect, irrelevant, peripheral, secondary
••••••
relevant, direct
••••••
tangential remarks, tangential connection, tangential issue
••••••
🕸️
••••••
tenuous
/ˈtɛn.ju.əs/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Very weak, thin, or slight; lacking a strong basis.
••••••

The evidence against him is quite tenuous.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
weak, fragile, thin, slight, insubstantial
••••••
strong, solid, firm
••••••
tenuous link, tenuous argument, tenuous relationship, tenuous connection
••••••
🗯️
••••••
tirade
/taɪˈreɪd/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a long, angry, or critical speech
••••••

The manager launched into a tirade about poor performance.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
rant, outburst, diatribe, harangue, lecture
••••••
praise, compliment
••••••
angry tirade, political tirade, launch tirade, endless tirade
••••••
🛌
••••••
torpor
/ˈtɔːrpər/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A state of physical or mental inactivity; lethargy.
••••••

The heat induced a state of torpor in the workers.

••••••

sink into torpor

••••••
to gradually become inactive or sluggish
••••••
lethargy, inactivity, apathy, sluggishness
••••••
energy, alertness, activity
••••••
state of torpor, sink into torpor, mental torpor, torpor induced
••••••
🌀
••••••
tortuous
/ˈtɔːrtʃuəs/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Full of twists and turns; excessively complex or complicated.
••••••

The tortuous mountain road made driving very difficult.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
winding, twisting, convoluted, complex, meandering
••••••
straight, direct, simple
••••••
tortuous path, tortuous route, tortuous reasoning, tortuous journey
••••••
🙂
••••••
tractable
/ˈtræktəbəl/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
easy to control or influence
••••••

The child was surprisingly tractable during the long journey.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
manageable, docile, obedient, compliant
••••••
stubborn, defiant, unmanageable
••••••
tractable child, tractable problem, tractable situation
••••••
⚖️
••••••
transgression
/trænsˈɡrɛʃən/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
an act that goes against a law, rule, or code of conduct; a violation or sin
••••••

The court forgave his first transgression but warned him not to repeat it.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
offense, violation, sin, crime, wrongdoing
••••••
obedience, compliance
••••••
serious transgression, moral transgression, transgression of rules, forgive transgression
••••••
😡
••••••
truculence
/ˈtrʌk.jʊ.ləns/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Aggressiveness or eagerness to fight.
••••••

His speech was full of truculence and threats.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
hostility, aggression, belligerence, combativeness
••••••
gentleness, peace, friendliness
••••••
display truculence, full of truculence, truculence in behavior
••••••
⚖️
••••••
vacillate
/ˈvæsɪleɪt/
verb
••••••
vacillated
••••••
vacillated
••••••
vacillates
••••••
vacillating
••••••
to waver between different opinions or actions; be indecisive
••••••

He vacillated between studying law and becoming a writer.

••••••

vacillate between

••••••
to keep changing your mind between two choices
••••••
hesitate, waver, dither, fluctuate
••••••
decide, determine, resolve
••••••
vacillate between, vacillate on decision, vacillate constantly
••••••
🙏
••••••
venerate
/ˈvɛnəˌreɪt/
verb
••••••
venerated
••••••
venerated
••••••
venerates
••••••
venerating
••••••
to regard with great respect; revere
••••••

People venerate saints for their holiness.

••••••

to venerate the ground someone walks on

••••••
to admire or respect someone deeply
••••••
revere, respect, honor, admire, esteem
••••••
despise, disrespect, dishonor
••••••
venerate tradition, venerate ancestors, venerate saints, venerate the memory
••••••
🗣️
••••••
veracious
/vəˈreɪʃəs/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Truthful, honest; habitually speaking the truth.
••••••

She gave a veracious account of what happened that day.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
truthful, honest, accurate, genuine, sincere
••••••
false, dishonest, lying
••••••
veracious account, veracious witness, veracious statement
••••••
🗣️
••••••
verbose
/vɜːrˈboʊs/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Using or expressed in more words than are needed; wordy.
••••••

His verbose explanation confused the audience instead of clarifying the issue.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
wordy, long-winded, prolix, talkative, rambling
••••••
concise, succinct, brief
••••••
verbose explanation, verbose speech, verbose writing, verbose description
••••••
🌱
••••••
viable
/ˈvaɪəbl̩/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
capable of working successfully or able to survive
••••••

They need a viable business plan to attract investors.

••••••

viable option

••••••
a choice that is practical and can work successfully
••••••
feasible, workable, practical, possible, sustainable
••••••
impossible, unworkable, impractical
••••••
viable option, viable solution, viable business, economically viable
••••••
🍯
••••••
viscous
/ˈvɪskəs/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Having a thick, sticky consistency between solid and liquid.
••••••

Honey is a viscous liquid that flows slowly.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
sticky, syrupy, thick, gooey
••••••
watery, runny, thin
••••••
viscous liquid, viscous flow, viscous substance
••••••
😡
••••••
vituperative
/vɪˈtjuːpərətɪv/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Characterized by abusive or harsh language.
••••••

The teacher’s vituperative remarks left the students in tears.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
abusive, scathing, insulting, harsh
••••••
kind, gentle, respectful
••••••
vituperative speech, vituperative tone, vituperative remark
••••••
••••••
volatile
/ˈvɑːlətl/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
likely to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse
••••••

The stock market is extremely volatile these days.

••••••

volatile situation

••••••
a situation that is unstable and likely to change suddenly
••••••
unstable, unpredictable, explosive, fickle
••••••
stable, steady, consistent
••••••
volatile market, volatile situation, highly volatile
••••••
••••••
warranted
/ˈwɒrəntɪd/
adjective/verb
••••••
warranted
••••••
warranted
••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
Justified or authorized under the circumstances.
••••••

Her anger was warranted after the unfair treatment.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
justified, authorized, reasonable, valid
••••••
unjustified, unwarranted, invalid
••••••
warranted action, fully warranted, warranted response, legally warranted
••••••
👀
••••••
wary
/ˈweəri/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Feeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems.
••••••

She was wary of trusting strangers.

••••••

wary eye

••••••
A cautious and watchful look
••••••
cautious, careful, alert, suspicious, vigilant
••••••
careless, reckless, unwary
••••••
wary of strangers, wary approach, wary eye, be wary
••••••
🌊
••••••
welter
/ˈwɛltər/
verb
••••••
weltered
••••••
weltered
••••••
welters
••••••
weltering
••••••
to roll or toss about in a confused or disorderly way; to be in turmoil
••••••

The city weltered in chaos after the sudden blackout.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
roll, toss, wallow, flounder, writhe
••••••
calm, order, stability
••••••
welter in blood, welter of emotions, welter of papers
••••••
🎭
••••••
Whimsical
/ˈwɪm.zɪ.kəl/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
playfully quaint or fanciful, especially in an appealing and amusing way
••••••

The artist created whimsical sculptures that delighted children.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
fanciful, playful, quirky, imaginative
••••••
serious, solemn, practical, realistic
••••••
whimsical character, whimsical design, whimsical story
••••••
⚔️
••••••
zealot
/ˈzel.ət/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A person who is fanatical and uncompromising in pursuit of their ideals.
••••••

He was considered a zealot for his strict political views.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
fanatic, extremist, radical, enthusiast
••••••
moderate, realist
••••••
religious zealot, political zealot, zealot group
••••••