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by

preposition

/baɪ/

Meaning

indicating the agent performing an action, or the means of achieving something

The book was written by a famous author.

by heart

through, via, from, with

without, beyond

by chance, by mistake, by the way, by law

in the direction of

used to indicate a specific time, place, or direction

physically in contact with and supported by a surface

throughout the course of a period of time

used to indicate purpose, destination, or recipient

used to show that someone or something is part of a larger group