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by

preposition

/baɪ/

Meaning

indicating the agent performing an action, or the means of achieving something

The book was written by a famous author.

by heart

through, via, from, with

without, beyond

by chance, by mistake, by the way, by law

in the direction of

on or immediately after

through, by way of, or using a particular route or means

At a lower level or position than something else.

used to show that someone or something is part of a larger group

used for expressing motion or direction