Lesson 12 Details
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Lesson 12 - Mask Toggle

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Word Past Past Participle Third Person Singular Gerund Meaning Example Sentence Example Expression Example Expression Meaning Synonyms Antonyms Collocations
#276
🚫
••••••
refute
/rɪˈfjuːt/
verb
••••••
refuted
••••••
refuted
••••••
refutes
••••••
refuting
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To prove a statement, argument, or theory to be false or invalid.
••••••

The lawyer refuted the witness's testimony with solid evidence.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
disprove, contradict, counter, deny
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prove, confirm, validate
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refute claims, refute arguments, refute evidence
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#277
⬇️
••••••
relegate
/ˈrɛlɪɡeɪt/
verb
••••••
relegated
••••••
relegated
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relegates
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relegating
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to assign to a lower rank, position, or category
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The manager decided to relegate the player to the bench.

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- •••••• - ••••••
demote, downgrade, consign, assign
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promote, elevate, upgrade
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relegate someone, relegate to the background, relegate responsibility
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#278
👎
••••••
reproach
/rɪˈproʊtʃ/
noun/verb
••••••
reproached
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reproached
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reproaches
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reproaching
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An expression of disapproval or disappointment; to criticize someone for doing wrong.
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She reproached him for arriving late to the meeting.

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beyond reproach

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So good that there is no fault or criticism.
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blame, scold, rebuke, criticism, censure
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praise, approval, commendation
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face reproach, beyond reproach, bitter reproach, severe reproach
••••••
#279
😈
••••••
reprobate
/ˈrɛprəˌbeɪt/
noun, adjective, verb
••••••
reprobated
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reprobated
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reprobates
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reprobating
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A person of immoral character; to express disapproval of; morally corrupt.
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The old reprobate spent his days gambling and drinking.

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an old reprobate

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a person with a long history of immoral or disapproved behavior
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degenerate, scoundrel, rogue, villain, miscreant
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gentleman, noble, virtuous
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old reprobate, shameless reprobate, moral reprobate
••••••
#280
🙅
••••••
repudiate
/rɪˈpjuː.di.eɪt/
verb
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repudiated
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repudiated
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repudiates
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repudiating
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to refuse to accept, recognize, or support something
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He repudiated the claim that he was involved in the scandal.

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repudiate a claim

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to formally reject or deny a statement or allegation
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reject, deny, renounce, disown, disclaim
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accept, acknowledge, admit
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repudiate a claim, repudiate allegations, repudiate violence, repudiate responsibility
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#281
••••••
rescind
/rɪˈsɪnd/
verb
••••••
rescinded
••••••
rescinded
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rescinds
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rescinding
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to revoke, cancel, or repeal a law, order, or agreement
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The company decided to rescind the job offer.

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rescind an offer

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to officially cancel an offer
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revoke, cancel, repeal, annul, withdraw
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enforce, uphold, implement
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rescind contract, rescind offer, rescind order, rescind decision
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#282
📜
••••••
resolution
/ˌrɛzəˈluːʃən/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A firm decision to do or not to do something; the quality of being determined.
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She made a resolution to exercise daily.

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New Year's resolution

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A firm decision or goal set at the beginning of a new year
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determination, decision, resolve, commitment, intention
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indecision, hesitation, doubt
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make a resolution, pass a resolution, strong resolution, resolution adopted
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#283
••••••
resolve
/rɪˈzɒlv/
verb
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resolved
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resolved
••••••
resolves
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resolving
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To decide firmly on a course of action; to settle or solve a problem.
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They resolved to finish the project on time.

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resolve a conflict

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To find a solution to a disagreement
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decide, determine, settle, conclude, fix
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hesitate, waver, delay
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resolve an issue, resolve a problem, resolve a conflict, resolve to do
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#284
🙊
••••••
reticent
/ˈrɛtɪsənt/
adjective
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily; reserved
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She was reticent about her personal life.

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reserved, quiet, silent, secretive, restrained
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open, communicative, talkative
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reticent about, remain reticent, naturally reticent
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#285
🕊️
••••••
reverent
/ˈrɛvərənt/
adjective
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Showing deep and solemn respect.
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They listened to the speech in a reverent silence.

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- •••••• - ••••••
respectful, devout, admiring, dutiful
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disrespectful, irreverent
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reverent silence, reverent attitude, reverent respect, reverent tone
••••••
#286
👴
••••••
sage
/seɪdʒ/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A profoundly wise person, or wise through reflection and experience.
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The old sage was respected for his wisdom.

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sage advice

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very wise or sensible advice
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philosopher, wise man, guru, thinker
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fool, ignoramus
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sage advice, wise sage, ancient sage, sage counsel
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#287
🌱
••••••
salubrious
/səˈluː.bri.əs/
adjective
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Health-giving; promoting well-being.
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They decided to move to a more salubrious neighborhood with cleaner air.

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- •••••• - ••••••
healthy, wholesome, beneficial, hygienic, invigorating
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unhealthy, harmful, insalubrious
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salubrious climate, salubrious surroundings, salubrious lifestyle
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#288
⚖️
••••••
sanction
/ˈsæŋkʃən/
noun/verb
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sanctioned
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sanctioned
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sanctions
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sanctioning
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An official permission or approval; also a penalty imposed to enforce rules.
••••••

The government imposed sanctions on the company for violating trade laws.

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economic sanctions

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penalties imposed by one country on another to enforce international law
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penalty, punishment, approval, authorization, restriction
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reward, freedom, allowance
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impose sanctions, lift sanctions, economic sanctions, trade sanctions
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#289
🍽️
••••••
satiate
/ˈseɪʃiˌeɪt/
verb
••••••
satiated
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satiated
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satiates
••••••
satiating
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To satisfy fully, especially with food or desire.
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The large meal satiated his hunger.

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- •••••• - ••••••
satisfy, indulge, fulfill, gratify
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starve, deprive
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satiate hunger, satiate desire, fully satiate
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#290
💧
••••••
saturate
/ˈsætʃəˌreɪt/
verb
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saturated
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saturated
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saturates
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saturating
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to fill completely with something until no more can be absorbed
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The heavy rain saturated the ground within minutes.

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saturate the market

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to supply so much of a product that demand is fully met or exceeded
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soak, drench, flood, permeate, fill
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dry, drain, empty
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saturate the market, saturate the ground, fully saturate, saturate completely
••••••
#291
😋
••••••
savor
/ˈseɪ.vər/
verb
••••••
savored
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savored
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savors
••••••
savoring
••••••
To enjoy something completely, especially by dwelling on it.
••••••

He savored every bite of the delicious cake.

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savor the moment

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To fully appreciate and enjoy a particular experience.
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relish, cherish, appreciate, enjoy, delight in
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dislike, detest, avoid
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savor the flavor, savor the moment, savor success
••••••
#292
💧
••••••
secrete
/sɪˈkriːt/
verb
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secreted
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secreted
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secretes
••••••
secreting
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to produce and release a substance from a cell, gland, or organ
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The pancreas secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
emit, release, discharge, excrete, produce
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absorb, retain, hold
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secrete hormones, secrete enzymes, secrete fluid, secrete mucus
••••••
#293
🪨
••••••
shard
/ʃɑːrd/
noun
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- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a broken piece of glass, metal, or pottery
••••••

He cut his finger on a shard of glass.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
fragment, splinter, sliver, piece
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whole, entirety, unity
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shard of glass, shard of pottery, broken shard
••••••
#294
🤔
••••••
skeptic
/ˈskɛptɪk/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A person who doubts or questions accepted beliefs or claims.
••••••

The scientist was a skeptic of theories without solid evidence.

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healthy skeptic

••••••
A person who doubts claims in a rational and balanced way.
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doubter, cynic, questioner, disbeliever
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believer, supporter
••••••
skeptic of, healthy skeptic, skeptic community, skeptic movement
••••••
#295
💖
••••••
solicitous
/səˈlɪsɪtəs/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
showing concern or care for someone's health, happiness, or comfort
••••••

She was always solicitous about the well-being of her students.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
attentive, caring, concerned, considerate, thoughtful
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indifferent, careless, neglectful
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solicitous care, solicitous attention, solicitous nature
••••••
#296
😴
••••••
soporific
/ˌsɒpəˈrɪfɪk/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
tending to induce drowsiness or sleep; causing sleepiness
••••••

The professor's lecture was so soporific that half the class fell asleep.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
sleep-inducing, drowsy, hypnotic, sedative, calming
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stimulating, energizing, exciting
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soporific effect, soporific lecture, soporific medicine, soporific atmosphere
••••••
#297
🎭
••••••
specious
/ˈspiːʃəs/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Superficially plausible but actually false; misleading in appearance.
••••••

The politician’s argument was specious, sounding convincing but lacking real evidence.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
misleading, deceptive, false, fallacious, illusory
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genuine, real, true
••••••
specious argument, specious reasoning, specious claim
••••••
#298
🌈
••••••
spectrum
/ˈspɛktrəm/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
A range of different things, often related to colors, ideas, or classifications.
••••••

The festival attracted people from across the political spectrum.

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broad spectrum

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Covering a wide range of ideas or possibilities.
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range, scope, span, variety, gamut
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limit, restriction, boundary
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political spectrum, full spectrum, broad spectrum, across the spectrum
••••••
#299
🌧️
••••••
sporadic
/spəˈrædɪk/
adjective
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
Occurring irregularly or in scattered instances rather than continuously.
••••••

The region experienced sporadic rain showers throughout the week.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
occasional, irregular, infrequent, scattered, random
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regular, constant, continuous
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sporadic violence, sporadic rain, sporadic cases, sporadic attacks
••••••
#300
⚠️
••••••
stigma
/ˈstɪɡmə/
noun
••••••
- •••••• - •••••• - •••••• - ••••••
a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality
••••••

There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies.

••••••
- •••••• - ••••••
disgrace, shame, taint, blot, dishonor
••••••
honor, respect, esteem
••••••
social stigma, attached stigma, stigma of failure, stigma surrounding
••••••

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