Learn Vocabulary Through Article 218 - The Science Behind Healthy Eating | Learn English

Proper metabolism is crucial for staying healthy. Our body's anabolism and catabolism processes depend on balanced nutrition. Macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the main sources of energy, while micronutrients help with enzymatic functions in the body. The bioavailability of food depends on how the body breaks it down through hydrolysis processes. Foods with proper glycemic index control blood sugar levels, helping maintain homeostasis. Probiotics aid digestion and antioxidants help reduce oxidative stress in the body. Proper nutrition improves brain function by controlling neurotransmitters. Excess lipogenesis increases weight, but ketogenesis helps burn fat. Foods rich in phytochemicals improve endocrine functions. For a healthy lifestyle, it's essential to increase thermogenesis processes and maintain satiety.

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Emoji	Word	Meaning	Example Sentence	Synonyms	Antonyms

#3650 ⚡ ••••••	metabolism /məˈtæb.əl.ɪ.zəm/ noun ••••••	The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life, including energy production and cellular activity. ••••••	Proper hydration boosts metabolism and energy levels. ••••••	biochemical process, energy conversion, cellular activity ••••••	stagnation, inactivity, deterioration ••••••
#3651 🔧 ••••••	anabolism /əˈnæb.ə.lɪ.zəm/ noun ••••••	The set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, involving tissue repair and growth. ••••••	Anabolism is essential for muscle growth and tissue repair. ••••••	constructive metabolism, biosynthesis, growth mechanism ••••••	catabolism, breakdown, decomposition ••••••
#3652 ⚡ ••••••	catabolism /kəˈtæb.ə.lɪ.zəm/ noun ••••••	The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones together with the release of energy. ••••••	During fasting, catabolism helps generate energy from stored fat. ••••••	decomposition, breakdown process, oxidation ••••••	anabolism, growth, accumulation ••••••
#3653 🥗 ••••••	macronutrients /ˈmæk.rəʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts/ noun ••••••	Nutrients that are needed in large amounts to provide energy and building materials for the body, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. ••••••	Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are vital macronutrients. ••••••	essential nutrients, energy sources, dietary components ••••••	micronutrients, minor elements, trace minerals ••••••
#3654 🍞 ••••••	carbohydrates /ˌkɑː.bəʊˈhaɪ.dreɪts/ noun ••••••	Organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, serving as a primary source of energy for the body. ••••••	Whole grains are a great source of healthy carbohydrates. ••••••	starches, sugars, polysaccharides ••••••	proteins, fats, fibers ••••••
#3655 🥩 ••••••	proteins /ˈprəʊ.tiːnz/ noun ••••••	Large biomolecules consisting of amino acids that perform essential functions in living organisms, including building and repairing tissues. ••••••	Lean meats and legumes provide high-quality proteins. ••••••	amino acids, muscle-building nutrients, structural biomolecules ••••••	carbohydrates, fats, sugars ••••••
#3656 🥑 ••••••	fats /fæts/ noun ••••••	Essential macronutrients that provide energy, support cell growth, and protect organs while helping absorb vitamins. ••••••	Healthy fats from nuts and avocados support brain function. ••••••	lipids, triglycerides, fatty acids ••••••	carbohydrates, proteins, fibers ••••••
#3657 💊 ••••••	micronutrients /ˈmaɪ.krəʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts/ noun ••••••	Essential nutrients required in small amounts for proper body function, including vitamins and minerals. ••••••	Micronutrients like iron and zinc are essential for immunity. ••••••	vitamins, minerals, trace elements ••••••	macronutrients, bulk nutrients, energy providers ••••••
#3658 🧬 ••••••	enzymatic /ˌen.zɪˈmæt.ɪk/ adjective ••••••	Relating to or involving enzymes, which are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions in living organisms. ••••••	Enzymatic reactions regulate metabolism in the human body. ••••••	catalytic, biochemical, reactive ••••••	non-enzymatic, passive, inactive ••••••
#3659 ⚗️ ••••••	bioavailability /ˌbaɪ.oʊ.əˌveɪ.ləˈbɪl.ə.ti/ noun ••••••	The degree and rate at which a substance is absorbed or becomes available at the site of physiological activity. ••••••	Vitamin C enhances the bioavailability of iron in the diet. ••••••	absorption rate, nutrient uptake, digestibility ••••••	poor absorption, low retention, limited uptake ••••••
#3660 💧 ••••••	hydrolysis /haɪˈdrɒl.ɪ.sɪs/ noun ••••••	A chemical process that breaks down compounds by adding water, splitting complex molecules into simpler forms. ••••••	Hydrolysis breaks down complex molecules into simpler forms. ••••••	decomposition, cleavage, breakdown ••••••	condensation, synthesis, formation ••••••
#3661 📈 ••••••	glycemic /ɡlaɪˈsiː.mɪk/ adjective ••••••	Relating to the presence of glucose in the blood and how foods affect blood sugar levels. ••••••	High-glycemic foods cause a rapid increase in blood sugar. ••••••	blood sugar level, carbohydrate effect, glucose response ••••••	hypoglycemic, non-glycemic, stable sugar level ••••••
#3662 ⚖️ ••••••	homeostasis /ˌhəʊ.mi.əʊˈsteɪ.sɪs/ noun ••••••	The tendency of a living organism to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes. ••••••	The body maintains homeostasis through temperature regulation. ••••••	equilibrium, internal balance, physiological stability ••••••	imbalance, dysregulation, instability ••••••
#3663 🦠 ••••••	probiotics /ˌprəʊ.baɪˈɒt.ɪks/ noun ••••••	Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host, especially for digestive health. ••••••	Probiotics improve digestion and enhance gut health. ••••••	beneficial bacteria, gut flora, digestive aid ••••••	antibiotics, pathogens, harmful microbes ••••••
#3664 🛡️ ••••••	antioxidants /ˌæn.tiˈɒk.sɪ.dənts/ noun ••••••	Substances that may prevent or delay cell damage caused by free radicals, potentially reducing the risk of certain diseases. ••••••	Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants, which prevent cell damage. ••••••	free radical scavenger, cell protector, anti-aging compound ••••••	oxidants, free radicals, harmful agents ••••••
#3665 🔥 ••••••	oxidative /ˈɒk.sɪ.də.tɪv/ adjective ••••••	Relating to or involving oxidation, particularly processes that can cause cellular damage through free radical formation. ••••••	Oxidative stress contributes to aging and chronic diseases. ••••••	reactive oxygen, degenerative process, free radical activity ••••••	antioxidant, protective, reductive ••••••
#3666 🧠 ••••••	neurotransmitters /ˈnjʊə.rəʊ.trænsˌmɪt.ərs/ noun ••••••	Chemical messengers that transmit signals across nerve synapses, affecting mood, behavior, and cognitive functions. ••••••	Serotonin and dopamine are key neurotransmitters affecting mood. ••••••	brain chemicals, synaptic messengers, neurological signals ••••••	neuroinhibitors, blockers, suppressors ••••••
#3667 🫁 ••••••	lipogenesis /ˌlaɪ.pəˈdʒen.ɪ.sɪs/ noun ••••••	The metabolic process of fat synthesis where excess carbohydrates are converted into fatty acids and stored as triglycerides. ••••••	Excess carbohydrate intake promotes lipogenesis and fat storage. ••••••	fat synthesis, lipid formation, energy storage ••••••	lipolysis, fat breakdown, energy expenditure ••••••
#3668 ⚡ ••••••	ketogenesis /ˌkiː.təʊˈdʒen.ɪ.sɪs/ noun ••••••	The metabolic process by which the liver produces ketones from fatty acids, providing an alternative energy source during low carbohydrate availability. ••••••	Ketogenesis occurs during fasting or low-carb diets. ••••••	ketone production, fat metabolism, energy alternative ••••••	glycolysis, glucose metabolism, sugar oxidation ••••••
#3669 🌱 ••••••	phytochemicals /ˌfaɪ.təʊˈkem.ɪ.kəlz/ noun ••••••	Natural chemical compounds produced by plants that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition, often having antioxidant properties. ••••••	Phytochemicals in green tea help reduce inflammation. ••••••	plant compounds, natural antioxidants, bioactive molecules ••••••	synthetic chemicals, artificial additives, harmful substances ••••••
#3670 🏥 ••••••	endocrine /ˈen.də.krɪn/ adjective ••••••	Relating to or denoting glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various body functions. ••••••	The endocrine system regulates metabolism and stress responses. ••••••	hormonal system, glandular function, regulatory mechanism ••••••	exocrine, non-hormonal, external secretion ••••••
#3671 🔥 ••••••	thermogenesis /ˌθɜː.məʊˈdʒen.ɪ.sɪs/ noun ••••••	The process of heat production in living organisms, often associated with burning calories and energy expenditure. ••••••	Spicy foods can enhance thermogenesis and calorie burning. ••••••	heat production, energy expenditure, metabolic activation ••••••	hypothermia, energy conservation, cold exposure ••••••
#3672 😌 ••••••	satiety /səˈtaɪ.ə.ti/ noun ••••••	The feeling of fullness and satisfaction after eating, which helps control food intake and prevent overeating. ••••••	Protein-rich foods promote satiety and reduce cravings. ••••••	fullness, appetite control, satiation ••••••	hunger, appetite, starvation ••••••

Lesson 218 - The Science Behind Healthy Eating

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